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Denmark 1990 Sweden 2001 Denmark 1990 Sweden 2001 Cosmic transcendence Today I feel that the border between life and death is less striking com- pared with when I was 50 years of age 60% 68% .75 .43 Today I feel to a higher degree how unimportant an individual life is, in comparison with the continuing life as such 55% 52% .72 .51 Today I feel a greater mutual con- nection with the universe, com- pared with when I was 50 years of age 32% 28% .68 .74 Today I more often experience a close presence of persons, even when they are physically elsewhere 36% 36% .67 .71 Today I feel that the distance be- tween past and present disappears 42% 52% .64 .63 Today I feel a greater state of be- longing with both earlier and com- ing generations 49% 57% .61 .41 Ego-transcendence Today I take myself less seriously than earlier 60% 73% .77 .68 Today material things mean less, compared with when I was 50 74% 81% .76 .74 Today I am less interested in superfi- cial social contacts 53% 71% .59 .66 Today I have more delight in my in- ner world, i.e.
ego-transcendence, since it is connected with changes in the perception of the self and relations with other people, and it includes both the qualitatively derived dimensions of the self and the social relations.
The Cronbach's alpha for the six items in the cosmic transcendence scale is .81, and for the ego-transcendence scale .75, which is satisfactory (Bohrnstedt & Knoke, 1982).
In this study, however, neither cosmic transcendence nor ego-transcendence show any correlation with the age of the respondent.
With increasing degrees of cosmic and ego-transcendence, we find increasing proportions of offensive copers and multicopers.15
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